Planned country of residence
Summary
- Where you live strongly shapes life expectancy through healthcare access and quality, social support systems, safety, environment, and economic conditions.
- In one cross-country analysis, countries with publicly funded healthcare systems had higher average life expectancy (76.7 years) than countries without such systems (66.8 years), a difference of about 10 years.
- Life expectancy can differ by 20–30 years across countries, making country context one of the strongest “baseline” predictors of longevity.
- In the US, foreign-born adults have higher life expectancy than US-born adults (men: 81.4 vs 74.4 years; women: 85.7 vs 79.5 years).
Factor description
- This factor measures your primary country of residence over the past 10 years.
- It is a geographic/context variable (not a lab test or a wearable metric).
- Measurement is typically self-reported (you select a country). In some datasets, “residence” may be inferred from address/registry data.
- Timeframe matters: the “past 10 years” framing aims to capture long-term exposure to a country’s systems and living conditions, not a short trip.
Impact on all-cause mortality
- Health system access and quality
- Countries differ in access to primary care, preventive services, emergency care, and treatment for chronic disease.
- When prevention and treatment are more available and affordable, deaths from many causes (especially cardiovascular disease, infections, and treatable cancers) tend to fall, improving all-cause mortality.
- Social determinants and public spending
- Education, income security, housing stability, and social protection affect health behaviors and stress exposure across the life course.
- Countries with stronger safety nets often see better population health and longer life expectancy, partly by reducing avoidable deaths.
- Environment and infrastructure
- Air quality, clean water, sanitation, transport safety, and workplace protections vary widely by country.
- These exposures affect multiple causes of death (respiratory and cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, injuries), which then show up in all-cause mortality.
- Safety, violence, and injury risk
- Road safety, occupational safety, and violence rates differ by national policy and enforcement.
- Injury-related deaths can meaningfully shift all-cause mortality, especially in younger and working-age groups.
- Dose-response and “threshold” pattern
- This factor behaves like a context “lookup”: countries cluster into higher- and lower-life-expectancy environments rather than showing a smooth dose-response inside a single person.
- In practice, the effect is mostly driven by large differences between countries, plus important within-country inequality (region, neighborhood, income).
Patterns
- The largest gaps tend to appear between higher-income, stable-governance countries and countries facing poverty, weak infrastructure, conflict, or fragile health systems.
- Within the same country, life expectancy often differs by region and socioeconomic status, meaning “country” is a strong predictor but not the full story.
- Migration can create notable within-country differences: in the US, foreign-born populations have higher life expectancy than US-born populations (often called an “immigrant advantage”).
- Policy patterns matter: healthcare coverage structure, social spending, and public health capacity often align with national life expectancy differences.
KamaLama scoring
This factor is best modeled as a context-based predictor (lookup-based), not a behavior-based dose-response. KamaLama scoring can use a country-level life expectancy value as a baseline input, then layer modifiable lifestyle and health factors on top. Because life expectancy differs by sex and year in many sources, scoring is typically tied to a specific reference period (for example, recent national life tables). The scores below are taken directly from the values provided in your text (examples, not an exhaustive country list).
| Category/Range | Score (in years) |
|---|---|
| Monaco | 85.87 |
| Japan | 83.27 |
| San Marino | 82.92 |
| Hong Kong | 82.74 |
| Andorra | 82.42 |
| Countries with publicly funded healthcare systems (mean) | 76.7 |
| Countries without publicly funded healthcare systems (mean) | 66.8 |
| United States, foreign-born men | 81.4 |
| United States, US-born men | 74.4 |
| United States, foreign-born women | 85.7 |
| United States, US-born women | 79.5 |
Practical tips
- Treat “country of residence” as your baseline context, then focus on modifiable factors (smoking, activity, diet quality, sleep, blood pressure, vaccinations, screening).
- Learn the highest-impact prevention actions that are easy to access where you live (blood pressure checks, diabetes screening, cancer screening, vaccines).
- If healthcare access is limited, prioritize low-cost, high-impact habits: not smoking, regular walking, maintaining healthy body weight, and managing blood pressure.
- Reduce injury risk based on local patterns: seat belts, helmets, safe driving, and workplace safety practices.
- If you moved countries, keep track of changes in healthcare access, diet, activity, and social connections; those often explain much of the health shift after migration.
- If you are considering relocation, compare healthcare coverage, affordability, and preventive care access (not only hospitals).
References
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Authoritative guidelines / evaluations
- World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Observatory. Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates/ghe-life-expectancy-and-healthy-life-expectancy
- World Bank. Life expectancy at birth, total (years). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN
- Our World in Data. Life expectancy. https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy
- CDC (US). Life expectancy data visualization. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization/life-expectancy/index.html
- OECD (2024). Society at a Glance 2024: Life expectancy. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/society-at-a-glance-2024_918d8db3-en/full-report/life-expectancy_37a61588.html
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Peer-reviewed / indexed research
- Case A, Paxson C, et al. Immigration boosts US life expectancy (summary page). https://spia.princeton.edu/news/immigration-boosts-us-life-expectancy
- Comparative regional patterns (Europe vs US) paper (PMC). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10512696/
- Life expectancy and publicly funded healthcare systems (PMC). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9653205/
- Cross-country determinants and correlates of life expectancy (PMC). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9650666/
- Imperial College London news release on 2030 projections (based on published research). https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/177745/average-life-expectancy-increase-2030/