Phone use while driving

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Summary

  • Phone use while driving raises death risk mainly by increasing crash risk through visual distraction, manual distraction, and cognitive distraction.
  • Text messaging while driving is associated with about a 23 times higher collision risk compared with undistracted driving.
  • Even “quick” phone tasks take attention off the road for seconds; at highway speeds, that can mean traveling a long distance without full attention.
  • Hands-free calls reduce manual distraction but do not remove cognitive distraction, so risk is still meaningfully higher than fully focused driving.

Factor description

This factor measures how often you use a phone while driving a vehicle.

It is typically captured as a self-report category (for example: never, sometimes, often). “Phone use” can include:

  • texting or typing
  • dialing
  • handheld or hands-free calls
  • browsing or using apps
  • reaching for or handling the phone

Measurement notes:

  • Self-report may underestimate real behavior because people forget short events or feel uncomfortable reporting it.
  • Risk differs by task type (visual-manual tasks like texting are usually the most dangerous), but the factor often uses broad frequency categories rather than detailed task timing.

Impact on all-cause mortality

  1. Direct pathway: higher crash and injury death risk
  • Using a phone while driving increases the probability of a serious crash. Crashes can lead to immediate death, long-term disability, or complications that raise overall mortality risk.
  • The highest risk is linked to visual-manual tasks (for example texting), because they combine looking away, hand movement, and thinking about the message.
  1. Dose-response style pattern: more frequent use, more exposure
  • Every additional moment of distraction increases the chance that a hazard appears while the driver is not fully attentive.
  • Risk is not limited to “long” phone sessions: short glances away from the road can be enough for a crash to occur.
  1. Performance impairment mechanisms
  • Phone use slows reaction time and reduces hazard detection.
  • Drivers can experience “inattention blindness”: they may look at the road but fail to process critical events (for example a braking car, a pedestrian, or a cyclist).
  1. Hands-free is not risk-free
  • Hands-free reduces manual and visual distraction for some tasks, but cognitive distraction can still impair driving.
  • Because many hazards require rapid, automatic responses, even small reductions in attention can increase fatal crash risk.

Patterns

  • Higher risk is expected in situations that demand constant attention: high speeds, dense traffic, poor weather, nighttime driving, and unfamiliar roads.
  • People with more time behind the wheel (long commutes, frequent driving for work) have more opportunities for distraction-related events.
  • Any driving context where social norms or workplace expectations push quick responses (messages, calls) can increase risk.
  • Stronger enforcement and safer default phone settings (for example driving focus modes) can reduce population-level exposure.

KamaLama scoring

Scoring logic:

  • This is a threshold, behavior-based penalty focused on preventable injury and crash mortality risk.
  • KamaLama assigns no penalty if you do not drive or report never using the phone while driving.
  • Any reported phone use while driving (even from time to time) receives the same negative score, reflecting that occasional distraction can still lead to severe outcomes.
Category/RangeScore (in years)
I don't drive0
Never0
From time to time-4
Always-4

Practical tips

  • Turn on a driving focus mode (Do Not Disturb While Driving) and allow only true emergencies.
  • Set navigation, music, and podcasts before you start moving. If you need to change something, pull over safely first.
  • Put the phone out of reach (bag, glove box, back seat) to remove the temptation to “just check.”
  • Use an automatic reply that says you are driving and will respond later.
  • If you must communicate, stop in a safe place. Do not try to “multitask” at traffic lights or in slow traffic.
  • If you drive for work, agree on a simple rule with colleagues: no expectation of instant replies while driving.

References

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Phone use while driving insight | KamaLama