Phone use while driving
This website is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for medical advice.
Summary
- Phone use while driving raises death risk mainly by increasing crash risk through visual distraction, manual distraction, and cognitive distraction.
- Text messaging while driving is associated with about a 23 times higher collision risk compared with undistracted driving.
- Even “quick” phone tasks take attention off the road for seconds; at highway speeds, that can mean traveling a long distance without full attention.
- Hands-free calls reduce manual distraction but do not remove cognitive distraction, so risk is still meaningfully higher than fully focused driving.
Factor description
This factor measures how often you use a phone while driving a vehicle.
It is typically captured as a self-report category (for example: never, sometimes, often). “Phone use” can include:
- texting or typing
- dialing
- handheld or hands-free calls
- browsing or using apps
- reaching for or handling the phone
Measurement notes:
- Self-report may underestimate real behavior because people forget short events or feel uncomfortable reporting it.
- Risk differs by task type (visual-manual tasks like texting are usually the most dangerous), but the factor often uses broad frequency categories rather than detailed task timing.
Impact on all-cause mortality
- Direct pathway: higher crash and injury death risk
- Using a phone while driving increases the probability of a serious crash. Crashes can lead to immediate death, long-term disability, or complications that raise overall mortality risk.
- The highest risk is linked to visual-manual tasks (for example texting), because they combine looking away, hand movement, and thinking about the message.
- Dose-response style pattern: more frequent use, more exposure
- Every additional moment of distraction increases the chance that a hazard appears while the driver is not fully attentive.
- Risk is not limited to “long” phone sessions: short glances away from the road can be enough for a crash to occur.
- Performance impairment mechanisms
- Phone use slows reaction time and reduces hazard detection.
- Drivers can experience “inattention blindness”: they may look at the road but fail to process critical events (for example a braking car, a pedestrian, or a cyclist).
- Hands-free is not risk-free
- Hands-free reduces manual and visual distraction for some tasks, but cognitive distraction can still impair driving.
- Because many hazards require rapid, automatic responses, even small reductions in attention can increase fatal crash risk.
Patterns
- Higher risk is expected in situations that demand constant attention: high speeds, dense traffic, poor weather, nighttime driving, and unfamiliar roads.
- People with more time behind the wheel (long commutes, frequent driving for work) have more opportunities for distraction-related events.
- Any driving context where social norms or workplace expectations push quick responses (messages, calls) can increase risk.
- Stronger enforcement and safer default phone settings (for example driving focus modes) can reduce population-level exposure.
KamaLama scoring
Scoring logic:
- This is a threshold, behavior-based penalty focused on preventable injury and crash mortality risk.
- KamaLama assigns no penalty if you do not drive or report never using the phone while driving.
- Any reported phone use while driving (even from time to time) receives the same negative score, reflecting that occasional distraction can still lead to severe outcomes.
| Category/Range | Score (in years) |
|---|---|
| I don't drive | 0 |
| Never | 0 |
| From time to time | -4 |
| Always | -4 |
Practical tips
- Turn on a driving focus mode (Do Not Disturb While Driving) and allow only true emergencies.
- Set navigation, music, and podcasts before you start moving. If you need to change something, pull over safely first.
- Put the phone out of reach (bag, glove box, back seat) to remove the temptation to “just check.”
- Use an automatic reply that says you are driving and will respond later.
- If you must communicate, stop in a safe place. Do not try to “multitask” at traffic lights or in slow traffic.
- If you drive for work, agree on a simple rule with colleagues: no expectation of instant replies while driving.
References
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Authoritative guidelines / evaluations
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Cell Phone Laws. https://www.nhtsa.gov/book/countermeasures-that-work/distracted-driving/countermeasures/legislation-and-licensing/cell-phone-laws
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Distracted Driving (campaign page). https://www.nhtsa.gov/campaign/distracted-driving
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Distracted Driving (risky driving). https://www.nhtsa.gov/risky-driving/distracted-driving
- Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The Dangers of Texting While Driving. https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/dangers-texting-while-driving
- National Safety Council (NSC). Distracted Driving. https://www.nsc.org/road/safety-topics/distracted-driving/cell-phone-distracted-driving
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Peer-reviewed / indexed research and technical reports
- World Journal of Clinical Cases (2021). Distracted driving and risk of road crashes (open access article). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8197494/
- U.S. National Roadside/Driver Distraction resources (Harvard attention and distraction PDF, NHTSA-hosted). https://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/Human%20Factors/driver-distraction/pdf/Harvard.pdf
- USNDDC literature review report on crash risk and driver distraction (PDF). https://usnddc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Crash-risk-driver-distraction_lit-review_10-1.pdf